This study takes its starting point in the questions of whether and how theology might serve as a faith-basedpeacebuilding resource. Based on an exploration of the textual process towards an international ecumenicaldeclaration on just peace in the World Council of Churches, it suggests that theology can indeed serve as sucha resource and it sketches how theology can make such a contribution. The exploration, which takes place intwo stages, focuses on the theological development of the concept of just peace and is guided by the researchquestion “What are the prospects for theology in peacebuilding?”. The first stage seeks to discern how thediscourse presented in the textual process makes a contribution to the theological construction of the just peaceconcept. The second stage investigates how the theological construction of the just peace concept provides anexample of theology as an essential, faith-based peacebuilding resource. The exploration constitutes aconstructive theological analysis of the just peace concept, carried out in view of the four perspectives oftheological ethics, biblical interpretation, spirituality, and ecumenical vision. It is guided by the pursuit ofidentifying theological resources for religiously motivated peacebuilding endeavours in our time.