This book reexamines the concepts of fundamentalism and religious Orthodoxy in the contemporary world. It brings together twelve essays by some of the leading scholars on Orthodox Christianity that explore the relationship between Orthodoxy and fundamentalist ideas and practices, both in countries and regions where Orthodox Christianity has been the dominant and traditional faith, and in the “New World,” where Orthodox Christian communities constitute a minority. The main issues that the contributors explore include fundamentalism as a religious and ideological phenomenon, the relationship between fundamentalism, traditionalism and modernity, fundamentalism in the contemporary Orthodox world, fundamentalist responses to the issues of modernization, pluralism, and democracy, Orthodox Christian responses to political liberalism and secularism, and Orthodox theology and the construction of the (fundamentalist) self.