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  • 1.
    Abid Al Shaybany, Farah
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Human Rights and Democracy, Department of Human Rights and Democracy.
    Responsibility to Protect: En studie om hur R2P och problematiken med implementeringen av den principen2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study is about the principle “Responsibility to Protect” and its implementation in several countries. The purpose of this study is to examine why the implementation of “Responsibility to Protect” has been used differently in similar situations. To limit my study I have chosen to examine two countries that have two different results on similar issues. I have chosen to study the conflict/civil war in Libya and Syria. The reason why I have chosen these countries is because these conflicts have similar causes and similar history, but how the international community responded differently and has argued various. This study will also highlight and observe the difficulties that the principle faces. For example the veto right in the united nation security council, and also the principle of sovereignty. At the end of this study I discuss the principle in general, what I think about it and how the principle “Responsibility to Protect” can be improved itself and develop to be more powerful and fulfill its purpose, to Protect civilians from genocide, crime against humanity and towards war crime.

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    C-uppsats
  • 2.
    Abrahamsson, Patrick
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology.
    Det som tillhör Gud: Helgelsens betydelse för bibelteologisk ekonomisk reflektion2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this essay is to examine the significance of the concept of sanctification in biblical theological reflection on economics through a comparative textual study. The theologians analyzed are Albino Barrera, Wayne Grudem, and Kathryn Tanner.

    In what way are their biblical and systematic theologies of economics related to their understanding of the concept of sanctification? What is the relationship between sanctification and the Bible’s words on economics? In a broader perspective, the essay aims to reflect on how the concept of sanctification can be viewed and enunciated in the light of a capitalist economic system.

    The theologians used in the essay all have their origins in disparate theological discourses, Christian communities, and academic disciplines. Barrera is a biblical scholar, economist and a priest in the Catholic Church. In Biblical Economic Ethics, Barrera writes an economic theology with an emphasis on social justice. Grudem is a Calvinist Baptist biblical scholar and systematic theologian, active in conservative evangelical theological discourse. In Politics according to the Bible, Grudem presents his biblical theology on politics and society. Tanner is a systematic theologian in the Episcopal Church, active in the disciplines of feminist and constructive theology. In Christianity and the New Spirit of Capitalism, she critiques the economic paradigm she describes as the new spirit of capitalism.

    Barrera, Grudem, and Tanner all make different readings of what the Bible has to say about economic life. Grudem actively endorses the economic system of today, while Barrera and Tanner have a more critical voice. Barrera sees sanctification as a gift of divine friendship from God. Grudem views sanctification as what comes after conversion from sin and the blessings granted by God. Tanner means that sanctification takes place through the work of the Spirit and by Jesus’ gift of a life in holiness.

    Through the essay a connection has been established between a person’s view on sanctification and their biblical theology on economics. Barrera’s, Grudem’s, and Tanner’s biblical theology on economics is closely connected to their understanding of the concept of sanctification. There seems to be a connection between the biblical material that is being analyzed, how it is analyzed, and what is being left out. A central finding in the essay is the connection between the understanding of sanctification as either a gift or a reward.

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    Det som tillhör Gud: Helgelsens betydelse för bibelteologisk ekonomisk reflektion
  • 3.
    Adel, Dunia
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Human Rights and Democracy, Department of Human Rights and Democracy.
    Flickor och pojkar i regeringens lagreform: En kvalitativ innehållsanalys om hedersrelateratvåld och förtryck2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna studie är att med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys studeraoch koda regeringens proposition om hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck (2020) där utgångspunkten är att lyfta fram hur regeringen definierar vad det innebär att vara en pojke och flicka i en hederskontext, samt vilka erfarenheter och roller som kan skilja dem emellan. Resultatet av studien visar att flickor är offer för hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck, resultatet visade att även om pojkar kan bli offer för hedersrelaterat våld så uppfattas de också som förövare. Studien visar att pojkar kan ha dubbla roller som både offer och förövare. Studien visar att både flickor och pojkar är utsatta för hedersbrottslighet men procentuellt skiljer resultatet åt då flickorna är utsatta i större grand än pojkarna. Slutsatsen är att införandet av barnäktenskapsbrott som ger upp till fyra år fängelse, straffskärpningsgrund mot brott med hedersmotiv och utreseförbud för att skydda barn från att tvångs gifta sig eller könsstympas utomlands ses som något ljust i Sveriges internationella åtagande om mänskliga rättigheter, då hedersrelaterade brottsligheten innebär kränkning av de mänskliga rättigheterna. Det ses mest ljust mot barnets rättigheter.

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  • 4.
    Ahlmark, Anton
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology.
    Att predika gemenskap i en individualistisk kultur: Tre fallstudier om ecklesiologin som förkunnas för unga på Hönökonferensen2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study is a hermeneutical analysis with the aim to theoretically and theologically understand what is preached about the church to youth today and how youth is motivated to join the church. The study contains three case studies from Hönökonferensen and through Taylor, Camnerin and the Theological Framework of the Uniting Church in Sweden a few understandings of the church emerge: the church is a warm, welcoming and transforming community, it can prevent individualism, heal, and make believers, but it can also be filled with demands. The study discusses authenticity as an important concept along with different understandings about community.

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  • 5.
    Ahlstrand, Kajsa
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Missionsvetenskap.
    Gunner, GöranStockholm School of Theology, Department of Human Rights. Uppsala universitet, Missionsvetenskap.
    Guds närmaste stad?: En studie om religionernas betydelse i ett svenskt samhälle i början av 2000-talet2008Collection (editor) (Other academic)
  • 6.
    Ahlstrand, Kajsa
    et al.
    Teologiska institutionen, Uppsala universitet.
    Gunner, GöranStockholm School of Theology, Department of Human Rights.
    Non-Muslims in Muslim majority societies: with focus on the Middle East and Pakistan2011Collection (editor) (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Ahlstrand, Kajsa
    et al.
    Teologiska institutionen, Uppsala universitet.
    Gunner, GöranStockholm School of Theology, Department of Human Rights.
    Non-Muslims in Muslim majority societies: with focus on the Middle East and Pakistan2009Collection (editor) (Other academic)
  • 8.
    Almjeed, Basheer
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Human Rights and Democracy, Department of Human Rights and Democracy.
    Förbudet mot hijab och niqab i Frankrike2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study is about whether the ban on hijab and niqab in France violates human rights. Also, if there are contradictions between the human rights conventions and the french ban on hijab andniqab. That is the purpose and question of the study. The topic was chosen for an interest on whether the French ban violates human rights, and if so, why is the ban still a law? To fulfill the purpose of the study, the study will be using human right conventions and a case from the European court of human rights. The study will also use a human rights based approach to further analyze whether the french ban violates human rights. The human rights based approach will also focus on the rights themselves and the implementation of the rights. The second theory used in the study is a theory on multiculturalism. The theory will focus on the term “blind fordifference”. In other words, are human rights blind for difference?The method used in this study is a qualitative content analysis. The method was chosen to analyze the content of the french ban of niqab and hijab but also to analyze the content of the human rights conventions. The result showed that there are some contradictions between the french ban and the human rights conventions. The French ban on hijab and niqab showed potential violations towards human rights articles in the human rights conventions.

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    Amajeed_Basheer
  • 9.
    Almén, Lovisa
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology.
    Mentorskap: - I vilken mening kan mentorskap förebygga ohälsa bland pastorer i Equmeniakyrkan?2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Jag har genom denna studie undersökt mentorskapets påverkan för pastorer i Equmeniakyrkan. Frågeställningarna arbetet utgår från handlar om ifall mentorskap kan bidra till en mer hälsosam arbetssituation för pastorer. Som metod har jag utgått från en kortare enkät samt strukturerade intervjuer av fem pastorer och två mentorer. Jag använder mig av två teorier, Töres Theorell och Robert Karaseks krav-, kontroll- och stödmodell samt Kathy E. Krams teori om karriärsrelaterat mentorskap och psykosocialt mentorskap. Uppsatsens slutsats lyder att forskning samt intervjuerna pekar på att mentorskap främjar pastorers hälsa.

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    Mentorskap - I vilken mening kan mentorskap förebygga ohälsa bland pastorer i Equmeniakyrkan?
  • 10.
    Alrifai, Diala
    Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Human Rights.
    KRIGSPROPAGANDA: Analytisk studie om Bashar Al-Assads propaganda under det syriska upproret 2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The ongoing Syrian conflict is one of the most violent, bloody and complex conflicts that broke out in modern time. The Syrian people were inspired by the Arab spring, where popular demonstrations and peaceful protests demanded freedom and democracy. The Syrian regime declared that Syria is in a serious war against terrorism.

    This essay will try to analyze the Syrian president Bashar Al-Assad’s propaganda during the revolution against his government in March 2011. The analysis will go through a few of Al-Assad’s speeches and interviews during the Syrian uprising between 2011 and 2012. The study will be based on several fundamental researches that explain the relationship between the Syrian regime and the jihadi Islam in many dimensions before and after 2011. The study will answer the following question: How has the Syrian regime used fight terrorism as propaganda to serve its own political interest during the Syrian uprising 2011?

    In my study, I use argumentation analysis as a method, this method is used to assess the credibility and sustainability of text or politics in context. In an argued text, the author aims to convince the reader of something in a critical and reasonable manner of argument. The method used is both descriptive and appreciative of Bashar Al-Assad’s arguments.

    The study concluded that Al-Assad from the beginning of his presidency has played a major role of producing Islamists to achieve his own political objectives in the region and was able to take advantage of them while trying to crackdown the Syrian revolution in 2011 through many political acts.

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    fulltext
  • 11.
    Andelius Sjöström, Karin
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology.
    Gör oss levande igen: En undersökning om hur teologi kan göras genom att dansa2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In this essay I explore how dance can be interpreted as a theological practice. I stage an encounter between the lived experience of the dancer’s body and word-based tradition of theological discourse. This encounter between the word and the image of dance reveals the limitations of theological discourse to account adequately for the full range of human and creaturely experience that have its sources in colonialism and imperialism. This paper argues that introducing the image of dance and the lived experience of the dancer into theological discourse then will serve to reduce the effects of these dangerous prejudices.

    This essay will use two of Simone Weil's most well-known concepts, attention and presence. They will serve as the interpretive bridge for a dialogue between dance and theology. I will focus on the experience of dancing and explain how this subjective, embodied practice of movement can enhance theology.

    At a time of great instability and uncertainty globally with ecological crises, racial injustice, and economic disparity on one hand and the rise of anxiety, depression, loneliness, and despair on the other hand, it is important that we find new ways to cultivate inner peace and encourage responsible action. And important way to do this is to welcome the creative opportunities of instability and uncertainty, of the unknown and the unexplored. 

    Dance and theology—in collaboration and conversation—can offer useful resources for cultivating these practices that allow us to meet these challenges with faith, hope, and love.

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    Gör oss levande igen
  • 12.
    Andersson, Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Eastern Christian Studies.
    The development of the night office in the Šḥimō according to the manuscripts of Mor Gabriel monastery (1474-1900): A study in liturgical change2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis tries to answer the question of how the night office sluthō d-lilyō has developed in the Syrian Orthodox Antiochian tradition as it is expressed in the Syrian Orthodox prayerbook of ܫܚܝܡܐ Šḥimō - which is the prayerbook used on ordinary weekdays and Saturdays throughout the liturgical year except for the great Lent.

    One of the main liturgical scholars of the 20th century, Robert F. Taft S.J. (+ 2018), refined the methods of Anton Baumstark (+ 1948) and Juan Mateos S.J. (+ 2003), and studied how the Liturgy and Liturgy of the Hours have grown during the centuries. This thesis uses the method(s) of Taft and studies how the night office has grown by comparing the structure of this office in six manuscripts from the Monastery of Mor Gabriel in Tur-’Abdin – one of the major monasteries in the Syrian Orthodox world. The oldest manuscript in our study is dated to 1474 C.E. (perhaps the oldest dated MS of the Šḥimō in the entire world). Few studies have looked into how the Šḥimō tradition has changed during the centuries and in this thesis we will take the night office as an example of liturgical growth and development. 

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  • 13.
    Andersson, Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Eastern Christian Studies.
    The Shhimo of 1890 and 1934 - Uniformity or diversity?2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The ܫܚܝܡܐ Shhimo is the prayer book for normal weekdays of the Syrian Orthodox Church and it was officially printed for the first time in Dayro d-Kurkmo (Dayr Al-Zafaran) in 1890 with a printing press that Patriarch Ignatius Peter IV (+ 1894) had received in 1874 thanks to his visit to London and the Anglican Church. Prior to 1890 Shhimo was a diverse tradition expressed with different manuscripts in different monasteries showing a diverse use of different prayers and costumes. The second printing of Shhimo in 1913 and re-printing 1934, by the late Syrian Orthodox Patriarch Ephrem I Barsoum (+ 1957), was a reworked version of 1890 that included several important changes. This thesis will investigate what these changes were and what implications they carry for the understanding of Shhimo and for the Syrian Orthodox Church.

    In this paper we will also start to investigate the transmission process of the Shhimo and study some of the manuscripts prior to 1890.

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  • 14.
    Annehed, Christoph
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology.
    Hur ord manar till handling: Ett organisationskulturellt perspektiv på Matteus grupp, liknelsetal och liknelser om himmelriket2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to understand how theories of organizational culture canenrich our understanding of Matthew’s group, his parable speech and the parables of thekingdom of heaven. I argue that Matthew edited and constructed the parable speech to fit hisintentions so that he could call for righteous behavior from the members of his group. I thenargue that the parable speech can be viewed as a regulatory document that addresses externalproblems of adaption and internal problems of integration that Matthew’s group had to face.I also argue that the parables of the kingdom of heaven are related to externaland internal problems and that the parables can be understood as artifacts that express thepreferred behavior applied by the leaders of Matthew’s group.My conclusion is that the theories of organizational culture give us a betterunderstanding of the complex situation of Matthew’s group and that the parable speech isrelated to these issues and addresses the group. It can therefore be considered a regulatorydocument. The parables of the kingdom of heaven can be understood as stories that call forrighteous behavior and persuade the Jewish people to join Matthew’s group through followingthe law according to view held by Matthew’s group.

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    fulltext
  • 15.
    Appelfeldt, Joel
    University College Stockholm, Department of Religious Studies and Theology.
    Dopet som hantverk: Gudstjänstkreativitet och liturgisk taktik i Svenska kyrkan och Equmeniakyrkan.2023Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    For a long time, the field of Practical Theology has seen an increasing interest in practices and the use of qualitative methods to study concrete practices in church and society. Earlier, the studies of liturgy often focused on liturgical texts. However, although an increasing num- ber of studies have explored concrete liturgical situations, relatively few have investigated pastors or priests as liturgical actors. Additionally, there is a clear deficit of theoretical tools for analysis in practice-oriented studies within Practical Theology

    The purpose of this study is to deepen the understanding of pastors and priests as liturgical actors. The study also develops theoretical perspectives in dialogue with Michel de Certeau, Jonna Bornemark and Bruno Latour, and uses them for analysis of contemporary baptismal practices in the Uniting Church in Sweden and the Church of Sweden. Through the concepts strategy and tactic (de Certeau), discernment (Bornemark), and actor-network theory (Latour) the craftmanship of the liturgical actor is brought to the fore, thereby contribu- ting to a deepened and richer picture of the liturgical baptismal situation. The study shows how liturgists, through their use of liturgical books and church buildings, exercise a creative liturgical craftmanship in cooperation with other liturgical actors and through liturgical discernment. By an abductive method this study also contributes with the development of four theoretical perspectives that can be used to study other liturgical situations.

    In order to access the concrete liturgical baptismal situation this study is based on a num- ber of participatory observations of baptisms as well as interviews with priest and pastors that have carried out these baptisms. The analysis shows at an in-depth level how these litur- gical craftsmen adapt, adjust, expand, restructure and widen the (strategically) given in the baptismal situation. Furthermore, different motives are investigated for this liturgical craft, as well as resources that contribute to the liturgist’s ability. Not the least, the result shows that pastors and priests in their everyday liturgical work carry out a theologically creative work with implications for several aspects of liturgical theology.

    The study deals with themes such as (1) the relationship between subject and structure in liturgical situations, (2) practical knowledge as an important aspect of liturgical action, (3)a deepened understanding of liturgical change, (4) the liturgist’s significance for liturgy and liturgical theology (5), sociomaterial aspects of liturgy and (6) the development of theory in the field of practical theology.

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  • 16.
    Arrebäck, Miriam
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology.
    ”... de dödas uppståndelse och ett evigt liv”: Vad handlar det kristna hoppet om?2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Many Christians believe in a future with eternal life, some say it will be “in heaven”. What kind of existence do they imagine? Do they think that the risen Christian congregation will have physical bodies like we have here in our lives on Earth today? Or will it be a spiritualexistence?

    Bible scholar and former Anglican bishop NT Wright asserts that Christianity’s most distinctive idea is bodily resurrection and he also defense a literal resurrection of Jesus.1 He claims that most Christians don’t understand the meaning of the “Christian hope” – that of a bodily resurrection and a new creation.

    What is the theological statement on resurrection from bishops in the Swedish Lutheran Church? Which message about the Christian hope do they advise, especially when it comes to funerals? What kind of eschatological tracks are to be found in the main manual Kyrkohandbok för Svenska kyrkan? Is the afterlife to be seen as a spiritual existence or one with physical bodies? And does it really matter?

    The main purpose in this essay is to find out what kind of eschatological guidance there is for priests officiating funerals. With starting point in the theology of NT Wright, in comparison with the advice from Swedish bishops, the essay is studying which words and formulation could be used to talk truthfully about the Christian hope.

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  • 17.
    Asserhed, Björn
    University College Stockholm, Department of Religious Studies and Theology.
    Gardens in the Wasteland: Christian Formation in Three Swedish Church Plants2024Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Gardens in the Wasteland is an ethnographic study of Christian formation within three Swedish church plants working against a backdrop of advanced secularisation. The thesis analyses the formative practices employed by these church plants with the intention of forming persons towards a lived Christian identity. Employing a situated learning theory framework, it traces the formative trajectories and negotiations that emerge from these shared practices, and also examines the articulations of callings and intentions within these church plants.

    The findings reveal that the establishment of a church plant often stems from a sense of place-oriented calling that encompasses a vision of vibrant Christian life and community. These church plants cultivate formative practices – aimed at certain teloi – that guide individuals on their journeys towards a lived Christian identity. Through participation in these practices, individuals align themselves with the church plant’s vision of Christian life. This identity formation process is not static but rather involves ongoing negotiations, both on a personal and community level, as individuals grapple with the meaning of Christian identity and faith amidst an increasingly secularised society.

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  • 18.
    Astudillo, Jacob
    Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Theology.
    Unitas Spiritualis: An Analysis of Thomas Aquinas’ Participatory Biblical Exegesis of Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 19.
    Bergentz, Peter
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Human Rights and Democracy, Department of Human Rights and Democracy.
    Från tvångssterilisering till särskilt stöd: var lägger samhället ribban för godkänt?2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med uppsatsen har varit, att undersöka urvalsförfarandet vid tvångssteriliseringar i Sverige i mitten av 1900-talet (kapitel 3) och dagens selektiva mekanismer för särskilt stöd i skolan (kapitel 4) som historiskt jämförbara fall. Perspektivet är människorättsligt utifrån frågan, om individuella fri- och rättigheter kan skyddas mot nationell praxis och politiska intentioner. Den metodologiska utgångspunkten tas i en variant av diskursanalys, där begreppet vanmakt, i form av nationens kollektiva vanmakt som reaktion på bieffekten av goda intentioner, ersätter det i sammanhanget mer vanliga begreppet makt i form av dolda maktfaktorer som förklaring (kapitel 2). Fördelen med detta synsätt är, att den kollektiva vanmakten, i motsats till den dolda makten, har ett ansikte. Ansiktet är välviljan som, i mer eller mindre uttalad desperation, tar sig kollektivt uttryck i det som blir nationens sammanhållande politiska sfär och nationella identitet. På så sätt tydliggörs, eller närmast avtäcks, också de olika aktörernas roller. Uppsatsen utmynnar i slutsatsen, att urvalsprocesserna i samband med tvångssteriliseringar i Sverige mellan åren 1935-1975 på en konceptuell nivå, betraktade utifrån idén med kollektiv vanmakt, är analoga med de urvalsprocesser som idag används vad gäller särskilt stöd i skolan på så sätt, att urvalsprocesserna identifierar och definierar barnens stödbehov baserat på målstyrda betygskrav som, i stil med New Public Management, enbart avspeglar en simulerad konkurrenssituation ämnad att utgöra ett mått på arbetsförmåga (kapitel 5).

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  • 20.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology. Åbo Akademi.
    Apocryphal Acts among Greek Biographies and Paradoxographies: A Question of Genre2022Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles are often viewed as Christian counterparts to the ancient novels – a genre that certainly reflects their fictional character, but neither their fascination with the foreign, strange, and miraculous, nor their focus on named historical figures such as the apostles. These interests are rather the defining features of the ancient genres of paradoxography and biography, where the latter includes mostly fictional works on historical or even mythological figures such as Heracles. This paper uses cognitive genre theory to analyze how the Apocryphal Acts participate in both of these two ancient genres.

  • 21.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Department of Religious Studies and Theology. Åbo Akademi.
    Att möta vilddjuren i egna kläder: Kultur, status och värdighet på arenan i Karthago2023In: Svensk teologisk kvartalskrift, ISSN 0039-6761, Vol. 99, no 3, p. 215-228Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Motsättningar inom ett samhälle blir sällan skarpare än när människor avrättas för att ha brutit mot samhällsgemenskapens grundläggande normer. En ideologisk text som tillkommit i en sådan situation kan därför förväntas skildra kontrasten mellan samhället och den egna gruppen i tydligast möjliga ordalag, även om skillnaderna i faktiska värderingar inte alltid är så stora. Ett gott exempel på detta är Perpetuas och Felicitas martyrium, där vi har goda skäl att tro oss möta en ung kvinnas egen berättelse om sina upplevelser, känslor och visioner inför mötet med vilddjuren på den romerska arenan i Karthago. Med hjälp av Kathryn Tanners kulturteori kan vi urskilja de beteendemönster som framstår som normer och ideal i martyriet, och inse att de visioner och den oberördhet inför döden som etablerar Perpetuas auktoritet är väletablerade ideal även inom den grekisk-romerska kulturen. De värderingar som skiljer martyriets ideologi från det omgivande samhället är två: normen att vägra offra till de grekisk-romerska gudarna och föreställningen att alla människor, oavsett samhällelig status, äger en inneboende värdighet.

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  • 22.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology. Åbo Akademi.
    Att möta vilddjuren i egna kläder: Mänsklig värdighet på arenan i Karthago2022Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 23. Berglund, Carl Johan
    Åttonde söndagen efter trefaldighet, den 25 juli2010In: Tro och liv, ISSN 0346-2803, no 3Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 24.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology. Åbo Akademi.
    Between Biography and Paradoxography: Unveiling the Genre of the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles2022Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles are often viewed as Christian counterparts to the ancient novels – a genre that certainly reflects their fictional character, but neither their fascination with the foreign, strange, and miraculous, nor their focus on named historical figures such as the apostles. These interests are rather the defining features of the ancient genres of paradoxography and biography, where the latter includes mostly fictional works on historical or even mythological figures such as Heracles. This paper uses cognitive genre theory to analyze how the Apocryphal Acts participate in both of these two ancient genres.

  • 25.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology.
    Between Biography and Paradoxography: Unveiling the Genre of the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles2021Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The extra-canonical Acts of the apostles John, Paul, Peter, Andrew, and Thomas have traditionally been understood as heretical offshoots from the canonical Acts of the Apostles, complementing the canonical material in order to promulgate an alternative version of early Christianity. This view not only overemphasizes the dogmatic difference between their authors and other early Christians, but also obstructs the crucial discussion about their genre.

    This paper argues that in the context of Greco-Roman literature, the apocryphal acts exhibit considerable resemblances to two established ancient genres: biography and paradoxography. Greco-Roman biography included not only the historiographically oriented bioi of well-known rulers and politicians, but also – at least at an earlier stage of its development – fictional narratives about historical figures, such as Xenophon’s Anabasis and Cyropaedia. Ancient paradoxography is a surprisingly little known genre that flourished from early Hellenistic times well into the Byzantine era. It was aimed at collecting descriptions of wonders (θαῦματα), strange things (ἴδια), and phenomena that goes against our expectations (παράδοξα) – not from observations of nature but from previous literary works. With their claims to chronicle the famous apostles’ wondrous deeds throughout the known world, the apocryphal acts can be said to participate in both of these genres.

  • 26. Berglund, Carl Johan
    Bibelns samlevnadsideal2007In: Frisinnad tidskrift, ISSN 0345-3723Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 27. Berglund, Carl Johan
    Bibelns samlevnadsideal: Går det att härleda äktenskapet ur Bibeln?2007In: Tro och liv, ISSN 0346-2803, no 3–4, p. 4-24Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 28.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology. Åbo Akademi.
    Biographical Mimesis in the Gospel of Mark2022Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 29. Berglund, Carl Johan
    Den helige Johannes döparens dag, den 27 juni2010In: Tro och liv, ISSN 0346-2803, no 2Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 30.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology.
    Den okända Pauluslärjungen Tekla – en förebild (inte bara) för kvinnor2021Conference paper (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 31.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology.
    Den utblottade är den mäktige2017In: Sändaren, ISSN 1103-6206, no 4Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 32.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    Department of Theology, Uppsala University.
    Discerning Quotations from Heracleon in Origen’s Commentary on the Gospel of John2019In: Origeniana Duodecima / [ed] Brouria Bitton-Ashkelony et al, Leuven: Peeters Publishers, 2019, p. 489-503Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 33.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology.
    Discipleship Ideals from Mark to the Acts of Thomas and His Wonderworking Skin2021Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Viewed as part of the reception history of the New Testament, the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles document a fascinating history of the development of the portrayal of the apostles, promoting various versions and accentuations of early Christian theology. This paper studies one aspect of this development, namely how the portrayal of an ideal Christian disciple is transformed from the Gospel of Mark to the Acts of Thomas and his Wonderworking Skin – a fourth- or fifth-century narrative in which Jesus sells Thomas as a slave in India. After displeasing his new master, Thomas is tortured and skinned alive, but manages to use his peeled-off skin to work miracles, and leads a large number of people to accept Christ. The discipleship ideals discernible from this story will be compared to similar ideals expressed in the Gospel of Mark, and the development between the two discussed.

  • 34.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology.
    Discipleship Ideals in the Acts of Philip2019Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 35.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology.
    Discipleship Ideals in the Acts of Philip2021In: The Apostles Peter, Paul, John, Thomas and Philip with their Companions in Late Antiquity / [ed] Tobias Nicklas, Janet Spittler, and Jan N. Bremmer, Leuven: Peeters Publishers, 2021, p. 314-332Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    How we categorize early Christian literature has an immense impact on what we expect to find in these ancient writings, and how we are prepared to interpret them. Grouped with apocryphal gospels and apocalypses, the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles have been viewed primarily as heretical writings, representing alternative Christianities that were effectually silenced by the processes of canonization. While they certainly contain evidence of such silenced theologies, the Acts themselves are more likely to be complementary writings, aiming to edify, educate and entertain early Christian readers without intention to replace or correct any canonical material. This chapter offers another angle on two early Christian stories, Acts of Philip 1 and Acts of Philip 8–Martyrdom of Philip. Regarded as parts of the reception history of the Synoptic Gospels, these stories will be found to interact with theological ideas expressed in the Gospels without necessarily setting out to either defend or correct them. More specifically, I study how ideals for early Christian discipleship – traits expected from an ideal Christian disciple – are transformed from the earlier Gospels to the later narratives about the apostle Philip. 

  • 36.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology.
    Discipleship Ideals in the Apocryphal Acts: A Radical Departure from the Gospels?2019Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 37.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology. Åbo Akademi.
    Elijah as an Archetype for the Apostles according to the Apocryphal Acts2022Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In Christian fiction from late antiquity, Christ’s apostles are given bread by angels, provide an inexhaustible food source, part the waters, and raise a widow’s son from the dead right before challenging their opponent to a duel of miracles. Even though Elijah’s name is never mentioned, the insightful reader may recognize the allusions to 1–2 Kings, and the miracles performed by the old Tishbite. Elijah was a well-known figure in early Christian literature – enough so that the authors of the Gospel of Mark, the Epistle of James, and the Life of Antony could trust their readers to recognize veiled allusions to the prophet even without the aid of his name. This paper argues that the Elijah cycle also functions as a subtext in the early Christian stories of Andrew and the cannibals (Acts Andr. Mth.) and Peter’s confrontation with the magician Simon (Acts Pet.), suggesting to the insightful reader that these two apostles are as powerful wonderworkers as the prophet Elijah.

  • 38. Berglund, Carl Johan
    En framgångsrik missionsförsamling2007In: Sändaren, ISSN 1103-6206, no 16Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 39.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    Uppsala universitet, Nya testamentets exegetik.
    Evaluating Quotations in Ancient Greek Literature: The Case of Heracleon’s hypomnēmata2017In: Shadowy Characters and Fragmentary Evidence: The Search for Early Christian Groups and Movements / [ed] Joseph Verheyden, Tobias Nicklas, and Elisabeth Hernitscheck, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck , 2017, p. 201-231Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Scholarship on ancient works of literature that survive only in quotations, such as Heracleon’s hypomnēmata (“commentary” or “notes”), often presuppose that the quotations dependably transmit the actual words of the quoted author, thereby ignoring the mediation and the agenda of the quoting author. This article demonstrates that ancient authors frequently adapted quotations to their new contexts, and develops a methodology for evaluating the extent of adaptations made in Origen’s quotations from Heracleon’s hypomnēmata

  • 40.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology. Åbo Akademi .
    Flesh-Eaters, Cave-Dwellers, and Eagles: Paradoxography in Acts Phil. 32022Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    While it is well known that the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles have similarities to ancient novels, it is less well understood how these imaginative stories make use of strange and unusual phenomena from around the world to characterize their heroes, provide intriguing predicaments, and add flair to their narratives. This paper analyzes the use of such paradoxographical material in the third Act of Philip (in the manuscript Codex Xenophōntos 32) where the apostle Thomas is said to have faced the violent flesh-eaters (τοὺς παλαμναίους τοὺς σαρκοφάγους), Matthew is said to have confronted the unmerciful cave-dwellers (τοὺς τρωγ­λο­δύτας καὶ ἀνηλεεῖς), and Philip experiences a powerful theophany in the form of  a talking eagle. The origins of such materials in ancient natural history and paradoxography is discussed, and the effects to which they are used in this particular story analyzed

  • 41. Berglund, Carl Johan
    Går det att härleda äktenskapet ur Bibeln?2007In: Svensk kyrkotidning, ISSN 0346-2153, Vol. 103, no 47, p. 592-596Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 42. Berglund, Carl Johan
    Heliga trefaldighets dag eller missionsdagen, den 19 juni2011In: Tro och liv, ISSN 0346-2803, no 2Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 43.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology. Uppsala universitet, Nya testamentets exegetik.
    Heracleon and the Seven Categories of Exegetical Opponents in Origen's Commentary on the Gospel of John2019In: Zeitschrift für antikes Christentum, ISSN 0949-9571, E-ISSN 1612-961X, Vol. 23, no 2, p. 228-251Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    While the adversaries of Origen of Alexandria traditionally have been described in general terms as either literalists or Gnostics, Peter Martens has recently argued convincingly that Origen repeatedly refers to more specific categories of literalist opponents, whom he criticizes for particular literal interpretations. This paper argues that a similar specificity applies to his supposedly Gnostic opponents. In his Commentary on the Gospel of John, Origen regularly uses designations such as "the heterodox" or "those who bring in the natures" to identify specific categories of exegetical opponents, which he defines by their particular interpretative practices or their adherence to particular teachings. When he responds to various scriptural interpretations, Origen takes care to specify which of at least seven identifiable categories of exegetical opponents he currently opposes. Throughout the commentary, Origen maintains the distinctions between these categories and Heracleon, the individual interpreter he names most frequently, and he never uses Heracleon's words as an example of an interpretation by any of the identifiable categories.

  • 44.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology.
    How ’Valentinian’ Was Heracleon’s Reading of the Healing of the Son of a Royal Official?2019In: Healing and Exorcism in Second Temple Judaism and Early Christianity / [ed] Mikael Tellbe and Tommy Wasserman, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2019, p. 219-239Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The interpretation of a Johannine healing story by the second-century Christian teacher Heracleon has in previous scholarship been presumed to be determined by “Valentinian” sectarian doctrines; Heracleon has been said to identify the royal official in the story with the Maker (δημιουργός), an inferior divinity who has created the material world, and his son as one of three categories of human beings whose eternal fate are determined by their spiritual, animated, or material inherent nature. This paper attempts a novel reading of Heracleon’s interpretation, presuming neither that Heracleon subscribes to the ideas associated to “Valentinian” teachers by heresiological authors, nor that Origen of Alexandria always refers to Heracleon’s comments using verbatim quotations. The paper argues that the identification of the royal official with the Maker is inferred by Origen based on heresiological presumptions, and that Heracleon used Synoptic and Pauline parallels to read the story as a metaphor of humanity’s perilous state as afflicted with the disease of sin, and in dire need of salvation.

  • 45.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    Uppsala universitet, Nya testamentets exegetik.
    Interpreting Readers: The Role of Greco-Roman Education in Early Inter­preta­tion of New Testament Writings2018In: Scriptural Interpretation at the Interface between Education and Religion, Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers , 2018, p. 204-247Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, the organization and content of Greco-Roman education are described, the social interaction within ancient high literary culture is depicted, and a selection of the techniques and principles that guided Greek and Latin literary critics are presented. Evidence for early Christian participation in these cultural expressions are discussed, as well as factors behind second-century adoption of literary criticism for interpreting New Testament writings.

  • 46.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Department of Religious Studies and Theology. Åbo Akademi.
    Jesus’s Puzzling Retort to the Royal Official (John 4:48) in Isodiegetic Perspective2024In: Novum Testamentum, ISSN 0048-1009, E-ISSN 1568-5365, Vol. 66, no 2, p. 193-209Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    When a “royal official” (βασιλικός) urges Jesus to help his dying son, Jesus surprisingly retorts (John 4:48): “Unless you people see signs and wonders, you will never believe!” Researchers find this outburst out of place in response to a desperate father, but this article argues that it can be explained by use of an isodiegetic perspective, where the Johannine storyworld is informed by a larger narrative tradition in which the tetrarch Herod Antipas (ca. 4 BCE–39 CE) is a known adversary of Jesus, whose adherents strive to entrap him and get him killed. In view of the official’s expected patronal loyalty to “king” (βασιλεύς) Herod, his healing request can reasonably be presumed to be a trap until his appeal “Sir, come down before my child dies!” (John 4:49) clarifies that the man is not acting as a client, but as a father.

  • 47.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    Uppsala universitet, Nya testamentets exegetik.
    Literary Criticism in Early Christianity: How Heracleon and Valentinus Use One Passage to Interpret Another2019In: Journal of early Christian studies (Print), ISSN 1067-6341, E-ISSN 1086-3184, Vol. 27, no 1, p. 27-53Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Following the lead of ancient heresiologists, modern scholars have all too often viewed Valentinus and Heracleon as representatives of a unified sectarian group whose interpretations of early Christian literature were determined by a shared set of "heretical" views. Arguing that the exegetical methodology of early Christians may be better understood if viewed within the larger context of Greco-Roman literary criticism, this article studies how Valentinus and Heracleon use one passage of early Christian literature to illuminate another, and compares this practice to the principle of Aristarchus, which states that Homer should be clarified from Homer.

  • 48.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology.
    Liturgies as Plot Devices in Apocryphal Acts2022In: Why We Sing: Music, Word, and Liturgy in Early Christianity / [ed] Carl Johan Berglund & Barbara Crostini & James A. Kelhoffer, Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2022, p. 201-224Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper takes a novel approach to the liturgical material in the Apocryphal Acts of Andrew, John, Paul, Peter, and Thomas, by considering how the liturgical practices of anointing, baptism, Eucharist, and singing of psalms contribute to the plots of the narratives in which they are found. By this analysis, various combinations of anointing, baptism, and Eucharist are found to be used to confirm a character’s conversion to a Christian faith, the Eucharist is used to strengthen the sense of community within a group of Christians, and both the Eucharist and singing of psalms are used to give a character encouragement in a dangerous situation. Thereby, the narratives depict conversion, community, and courage as reasons to participate in Christian liturgical practices.

  • 49.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology.
    Liturgies as Plot Devices in Apocryphal Acts2021Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper takes a novel approach to the liturgical material in the Apocryphal Acts of Andrew, John, Paul, Peter, and Thomas, by considering how the liturgical practices of anointing, baptism, Eucharist, and singing of psalms contribute to the plots of the narratives in which they are found. By this analysis, various combinations of anointing, baptism, and Eucharist are found to be used to confirm a character’s conversion to a Christian faith, the Eucharist is used to strengthen the sense of community within a group of Christians, and both the Eucharist and singing of psalms are used to give a character encouragement in a dangerous situation. Thereby, the narratives depict conversion, community, and courage as reasons to participate in Christian liturgical practices. 

  • 50.
    Berglund, Carl Johan
    University College Stockholm, Stockholm School of Theology, Department of Religious Studies and Theology. Åbo Akademi.
    Mimetic Mediators: How the Markan Disciples Facilitate Emulating Jesus2023Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Can the Markan disciples still be viewed as role models for the Gospel audience if secondary characters in Graeco-Roman biographies are only included for what they contribute to the portrait of the protagonist? This paper argues that ancient biographers used followers of their central characters also to provide multiple mimetic patters that clarify, broaden, and mitigate what it means to imitate their heroes. Mark’s cast of secondary characters offers three alternative patterns of behaviour for potential followers of Jesus: apostles, who emulate his itinerant lifestyle of preaching, healing, and exorcism; hosts, who provide apostles with food and shelter in their homes; and supporters, who serve the movement in other ways in accordance with their various abilities.

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